Is alcohol bad for the skin?

Not all alcohols are created equal when it comes to skincare. While simple alcohols are generally best avoided, some alcohols (particularly fatty alcohols) are actually beneficial for the skin.

There are two types of alcohol in skincare products – simple alcohol and fatty alcohol. 

Simple alcohols are dehydrating and should only be used in the short term, while fatty alcohols create a moisturising effect.

Simple Alcohols

These are the ones that should raise a red flag if you spot them on an ingredients list. Simple alcohols – also known as volatile alcohols – are deeply dehydrating. Dehydration can trigger a domino effect in your skin that may lead to itchiness, sensitivity, dullness, sebum overproduction, fine lines, wrinkles and more.

What Are The Effective Ingredients For Skincare?

In today's times, we are now more exposed to all signs of aging, especially in humid Singapore which brings lines, wrinkles, dehydration, sagging and uneven skin tone to our skin.

Cosmetic companies are quick to catch up on what the modern ladies need and came up with anti-aging potions with some that claim to be able reverse the effects of aging.

Before we decide if this is truly feasible, we need to delve deeper into the ingredients, before deciding which to buy.

Green Tea
Also known as: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).
Good for: All skin types.
What it treats: Sun damage, irritation, aging.
How it works: Green tea comes from the camellia sinensis plant. The leaves of this plant have polyphenols, which are compounds that have both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The anti-inflammatory properties can calm redness and irritation, and the antioxidants combat free radicals, reducing potential signs of aging.

Green tea also contains a powerful antioxidant called catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which helps to decrease free radicals, repair cells and protect your skin from premature aging. 

It is known as one of the most potent forms of photo-protection. It protects against sun damage, and studies have shown that a product containing at least 5 percent green-tea extract may help prevent skin cancer when applied before sun exposure along with sunscreen. Green Tea is also one of the 8 Green Foods For Healthy Glowing Skin and here are my previous reviews on Dear Klairs Fundamental Ampule Mist, Twig & Co Matcha Scrub, Innisfree My Real Squeeze Green Tea Mask and Tosowoong Pure Green Tea Mask.

Popular Options :

Iherb | Blithe Patting Splash Mask
Iherb | Tony Moly Chok Chok Green Tea 
Iherb | Benton Deep Green Tea Toner
Iherb | Innisfree Green Tea Seed Cream
Amazon | Innisfree Green Tea Balancing Skin Toner
Amazon | Innisfree Green Tea Seed Cream

Idebenone
Also known as: Ubiquinone, coenzyme Q-10.
Good for: All skin types.
What it treats: Sun damage, irritation, aging.
How it works: Idebenone is one of the strongest antioxidants contained in cosmetics. Its anti-inflammatory properties help preserve collagen and elastin, which give the skin support and resilience.

Popular Options :
Iherb | It's Skin Power 10 Formula, Q10 Effector with Coenzyme Q10
Iherb | Eucerin, Q10 Anti-Wrinkle Face Creme
Amazon | Timeless Coenzyme Q-10 Serum

Why Probiotic Skin Care Is Worth The Hype?

The human body is home to trillions of microorganisms, outnumbering even the human cells. And a host of these diverse bacteria ecosystems (over 1,000 species approx.) reside on your skin. Research shows that some of these microbes actually promote skin health. They reinforce your skin's natural barrier against bad bacteria, balance your skin's pH levels and may even protect against skin cancer.

But constant use of harsh facial cleansers and antibacterial soaps strip your skin of these healthy bacteria or the 'good bugs' — consequently damaging your skin's natural bacterial ecosystem. This, in turn, makes your skin stressed and dry, causing skin issues like breakouts, eczema, rosacea flares and psoriasis.

Just as the “good” bacteria improve our gut health, probiotics help the microbiome of the skin in the same way. The skin’s unique ecosystem (aka the microbiome) must remain healthy as it’s essential for controlling nearly every function of the skin. If your skin is too oily or too dry, this is a sign that your microbiome may not be healthy. If you are breaking out or having a flare-up, this, too, is indicative that your microbiome is not functioning optimally.

So, what can you do to build back your skin's natural defenses and healthy function? Enter probiotics, which is 1 of the 5 Food-Based Skincare Trends for 2019

Probiotics include various strains of uniquely helpful bacteria that occur naturally on skin and that can be applied via probiotic skincare products. Probiotics work with prebiotics, carbohydrates that serve as a food source so the probiotics can optimally do their job of protecting and nurturing your skin.

One of the most popular ingredients in anti-aging skin care, dating all the way back to the times of Cleopatra, is lactic acid. Part of the Lactobacillus family, it's one of the three most popular strains found in skincare (the other two being Bifidabacterium and Vitreoscilla). Well-known for locking in moisture and smoothing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, it's no wonder it's a staple in many products.

Would Probiotic Skincare Work?

Yes, if:
- You Have Sensitive Skin:
Probiotics have the rather clever ability to rebuild and strengthen the skin's barrier. Sensitive skin may take a while to repair itself after damage but incorporating probiotics into your skincare regime helps speed up the process.

- You're A City Dweller
Free radicals such as pollution have the ability to accelerate ageing and to zap the skin of it's youthful radiance, but when applied topically, probiotics can boost the skin's natural defence.

Probiotics calm the natural immune triggers in your skin which can be overstimulated by pollution and stress and they reduce the damage these immune triggers cause to collagen, elastin and healthy cells.

- You are Acne-Prone
Using probiotics topically creates an optimal environment for the good bugs, swinging the balance in your favor against zit-causing bacteria — the primary culprit being Propionibacterium acnes.

How Probiotics Work on Skin?

Skin’s surface is a multifaceted environment, almost like a city of living things populating and working in every part of it. Even though the top layers of skin are dead, there’s an abundant population of microflora thriving there, affecting skin’s appearance, youthful or otherwise, every day. This is skin’s microbiome, and keeping it in balance is among the more fascinating parts of how probiotics for skin work.

What do we mean by “balance?" Some of the microflora on skin are helpful, some are (or can become) harmful. The good guys are often referred to as “resident bacteria,” while the bad guys are “transient bacteria”; however, although they’re transient, the problems they cause can linger and not go away. Ironically, when skin’s microbiome is out of balance, the good microflora can become bad, leading to issues like acne and red, sensitive skin.

Keeping the microflora of skin balanced can:

- Strengthen skin’s surface against environmental threats.
- Enhance skin’s ability to become—and stay—properly hydrated.
- Diminish factors that trigger sensitized, reddened skin.
- Visibly improve signs of dryness, including a tight, uncomfortable feeling.
- Restore a healthy pH balance to skin’s surface.

What’s even more fascinating is that probiotics and their derivatives, known as lysates, work beautifully with other skincare ingredients. And get this: As the probiotics break down on skin’s surface, they create brilliant new ingredients for skin, such as hyaluronic acid, peptides, and vitamins, as well as increasing the presence of ceramides. This in turn leads to diminished signs of aging, better hydration, and a radiance that’s visible proof of skin’s renewed vitality.


When buying a probiotics-packed beauty product, look for ingredients like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Vitreoscilla and prebiotic sugars like xylitol. Also, keep in mind that probiotic skin care products are quite delicate. Most of them have a six month expiration date after opening and need to be stored in a cool environment, some even in the fridge. So, read the packaging instructions carefully.

Probiotics in skincare products demand careful formulation due to their inherent instability; they’re very fragile and deteriorate easily. This means no jar packaging (light and air cause them to break down faster) and buying products only from brands that have a good understanding of how probiotics work. Knowing which formulary techniques are necessary is essential to getting the best possible results when using probiotics on skin.


Product Recommendation :
The Beauty Chef's Hydration Inner Beauty Boost - Probiotic Skincare Supplement
LaFlore's Natural Organic Probiotic 3-Step Kit
TULA Skincare Probiotic Skincare Discovery Kit
Andalou Apricot Probiotic Cleansing Milk ( Amazon Popular Choice )
Mother Dirt's AO+ Mist ( Amazon Popular Choice ) - Great for oily skin 
Biossance's Squalane + Probiotic Gel Moisturizer  - hydrates and treats
Glowbiotics MD Probiotic Hydraglow Anti-Aging Hydrator Cream Oil ( Amazon Popular Choice ) - Great for sensitive skin 
Glowbiotics MD Probiotic Brightening Daily Essentials with Tinted Sunscreen SPF 30
Glowbiotics MD SPF 30 Tinted Broad Spectrum UVA/UVB Sunscreen
Eminence Organics Clear Skin Probiotic Masque - prevent acne and regulate oil production
LALICIOUS Brown Sugar Vanilla Shower Oil and Bubble Bath - Shower Cleanser with Topical Probiotics and Grapeseed Oil

If you want a guide for reading labels when it comes to microbiome skincare, look for the following strains in probiotic skincare.

Acne/Rosacea
Nitrosomonas Eutropha
Lactobacillus Plantarum
Streptococcus Salivarium
Lactobacillus paracasei

Pigmentation/Wrinkles
Nitrosomonas Eutropha

Atopic dermatitis/dry/sensitive
Streptococcus Thermophilus
Staphylococcus Species
Roseomonas Mucosa


Terminology
Microbiome: Microbes that live in a particular environment or biome.
Microbiota: The collection of living microbes that live in or on an environment. This term includes the microorganisms only and not the characteristics of their environment.
Prebiotics: A nondigestible food ingredient that promotes the growth of microorganisms in the intestines. These can promote the growth of beneficial or harmful microorganisms. Think of them as a type of “fertilizer” for the microbiome.
Probiotics: Living microorganisms that can provide beneficial qualities when used orally or topically. What probiotics are not? Microbes naturally found in your body and on your skin; microbes that are no longer alive; fermented foods that contain an unknown amount of bacteria.


Source : Forbes, Womansworld, PaulaChoice, SMH

How CBD oil can help improve the appearance of your skin

Have you heard of an ingredient called CBD (short for cannabidiol) these days? The buzzy ingredient has now evolved into a bonafide skin-care trend, with brands offering a luxe spin on what used to be a highly niche category.

However, when compared to skin-care pillar ingredients like retinols and vitamin C, the research behind CBD's efficacy in skin care is still relatively in its infancy.

CBD stands for cannabidiol, “one of many naturally occurring molecules called ‘cannabinoids’ found in both hemp and [marijuana] plants. Both of these CBD-producing plants belong to the cannabis family; scientifically, hemp is any cannabis sativa plant that produces less than 0.3 percent THC, meaning it can’t get you high. Even if the THC content is only 0.4 percent, which still isn’t likely to get you high, it’s still classified as marijuana.

The only difference between [marijuana] and hemp is a legal one. Marijuana plants contain higher levels of THC, the not-fully-legal psychoactive compound that gets you high, and hemp plants contain little to no THC. This is why almost all of the CBD in consumer goods is derived from hemp.

CBD oil is made by extracting CBD from the cannabis plant, then diluting it with a carrier oil like coconut or hemp seed oil. Hemp seed oil acts as an emollient to smooth rough cells on the skin's surface and offers moisturizing benefits.

How Does CBD Works?

Each of us has what we call an endocannabinoid system found throughout our body. Its main function is to create bodily balance, aka homeostasis, from our mood to sleep to skin function. As a phytocannabinoid, cannabis-derived CBD “can bind certain receptors in the brain and various other areas of the body,”—including the skin, which has its own endocannabinoid system, complete with cannabinoid receptors. Theoretically, when you slather CBD on your skin, it interacts with said receptors to create homeostasis.

Does CBD Deserve The Hype?

Yes. But also, no.

According to dermatologists and cosmetic chemists, CBD skin care is worthy of some of the attention it’s garnered. Although “large, randomized studies with CBD are lacking, the studies that have been conducted show that CBD might normalize keratinization—meaning pores are less likely to be clogged—possibly lead to fewer wrinkles, and [has] anti-inflammatory activity.

It has been studied as a treatment for a variety of skin issues including eczema, psoriasis, and even acne - It has calming and hydrating effects, and there is some data to suggest that it may inhibit oil production.

Below are some ways on how CBD oil can benefit skin.

CBD Oil May Reduce Acne 

Based on recent scientific studies, CBD oil may help treat acne due to its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to reduce sebum production.

One test-tube study found that CBD oil prevented sebaceous gland cells from secreting excessive sebum, exerted anti-inflammatory actions and prevented the activation of “pro-acne” agents like inflammatory cytokines.

Another study had similar findings, concluding that CBD may be an efficient and safe way to treat acne, thanks in part to its remarkable anti-inflammatory qualities.

Though these results are promising, human studies exploring the effects of CBD on acne are needed.


CBD Oil Can Fight The Appearance Of Wrinkles

CBD is a “powerful antioxidant”, which means it can help protect the body from “harmful free-radical damage”.

In the skin, this largely means preventing visible signs of ageing, such as wrinkles.

CBD may also stimulate the growth of new skin cells. A study published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology in 2011 found manipulating the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) can regulate the life cycle of basal skin cells, which may lead to younger-looking skin.

The ECS produces its own cannabinoids that bind to specific receptors in the body and brain, and it is thought CBD can influence the body to use more of its own cannabidinoids.


CBD Oil May Soothe Dry Or Itchy Skin

In 2006, German scientists discovered that 14 patients with dry or itchy skin conditions, who were given a cream containing a substance that could stimulate the ECS, reported an 86.4 per cent reduction in itch.

The skin also has its own ECS receptors, which may make topical application of CBD oil particularly effective.

According to evidence presented by the American Academy of Dermatologists, further studies have found CBD can ease symptoms of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and eczema.


To sum it up, CBD oil is a potent antioxidant, highly anti-inflammatory and has been shown in multiple studies to reduce lipid product from the sebaceous glands (overproduction of this ‘sebum’ is what leads to acne).

Because of its anti-inflammatory properties, plant-driven skincare formulators are excited about the possibilities of CBD oil, which has been proven to be effective in even trace quantities. Mostly, it reduces inflammation, which could mean acne, rosacea, eczema, psoriasis, broken capillaries and even sunburn.

If you’re looking for an ingredient to soothe irritation and reduce redness, as well as potentially combat acne, CBD looks extremely promising.

There has been research that shows potential for soothing psoriasis and even helping slow down signs of aging because of its neuro-regenerative and antioxidant properties ( source ).

When buying a beauty product, look for these words in the ingredients list, which indicates actual CBD in the formula: CBD, hemp CBD, full-spectrum hemp extract, phytocannabinoid-rich hemp oil, hemp extract oil. Those are all synonyms for CBD.


Difference Between CBD Oil and Cannabis Sativa Hemp Seed Oil

Brands like Kiehl’s, Peter Thomas Roth, and Herbivore Botanicals are just some of the many major brands jumping on the cannabis craze by launching soothing product lines that contain cannabis sativa hemp seed oil. This ingredient can be helpful for skin, but does not offer the same level of benefits.

Hemp seed lacks the cannabinoids that reduce inflammation and encourage healthy cell production and is sourced just from the seeds. CBD oil is sourced from the full plant and does contain cannabinoids.

While hemp seed oil is a part of the same plant species, hemp seeds are from the male plant and CBD can only be produced by female plants that can grow flowers or ‘buds.

To understand their functional differences, think of CBD as an “active” ingredient and hemp seed oil as an “inactive” ingredient. CBD is an active ingredient in that it works with our skin’s cannabinoid receptors and is being used to physically change something within our skin’s natural response—it’s working with our skin in an intimate manner. Comparatively, hemp seed oil is inactive and basically just sits on the skin’s surface.

That is not to say hemp seed oil isn’t good. Hemp seed oil is rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids and is therefore used primarily as a moisturizing facial oil. It has been used for decades because of its moisturizing properties, but is now gaining popularity, likely because of the [partial] legalization of marijuana. If you’re looking for an ingredient to support your skin barrier and lock in hydration, hemp seed oil is it. If you’re looking for an ingredient that contains CBD, hemp seed oil is not the answer.


Is CBD Legal and Is It Safe?

According to the 2018 Farm Bill, passed by Congress last year, CBD extracted from industrial hemp (meaning the plant contains less than .3% THC) is legal. CBD extracted from marijuana plants that contain more than .3% THC is not, unless you’re in a state that allows recreational or medicinal marijuana use.

As ever, speak to your doctor or health practitioner first and, until there is tighter and more uniform legislation on the use of CBD within skincare, only invest in trusted and established brands.


Where To Purchase :
Josie Maran Hemp Seed Oil 
Populum Full-Spectrum Hemp CBD Oil
Belize Seaweed Detoxifying Face Mask with Pure Hemp Seed Oil ( Amazon's Choice )
DIY CBD Rich Hemp Oil Skin, Body and Beauty Care Products: Learn to Make Soap, Shampoo, Body Butter, Lotion and So Much More ( Kindle Edition )


Source : Express, Healthline, Allure, Byrdie, Theklog, Coveteur

The 515 Chemicals Women Put on Their Bodies Every Day (Infographic)

Source : MindBodyGreen

9 Natural Solutions for Acne-Prone Skin

Oils Beneficial for Acne-Prone Skin

You want to be sure to choose those oils that will not clog pores—the following options are all non-clogging options.

What’s great about natural oils is that they not only hydrate without clogging pores, but they provide antioxidant protection and anti-inflammatory properties—both key steps in reducing acne outbreaks.

These oils can also help fight bacteria, calm irritation, soothe sensitivities, balance oil production, and hydrate without clogging pores or leaving a greasy feel on your skin. Plus, they work naturally with the skin to support collagen and elastin production, rather than breaking down or drying skin cells, like most conventional, drying, acne products do.

1. Tea tree oil: This oil is a heavyweight champion when it comes to getting rid of bacteria, which is why it’s great for acne-prone skin. In fact, studies have found it to be as effective at treating acne as benzoyl peroxide, so why use harsh ingredients? Just be sure to use it diluted in some water, or try an organic natural acne treatment.

My personal favourite has got to be Thursday Plantation Tea Tree Oil. It has helped me tremendously over the years ( since 2014 ), whenever I get the zit during that time of the month. I have been recommending this oil to my acne-prone friends and colleagues as well as on Instagram. Read my review : Thursday Plantation Tea Tree Oil 100% Pure Multipurpose Oil. 

I hope you like this as much as I do. It is 100% pure with no other fillers, unlike other brands and most importantly, it is affordable and lasts a long while. Shop the 10ml size here and the 50ml size here. Try out the 10ml size first and if you works well for you, you can then consider the 50ml size to prevent any wastage. But of course, the 50ml size would be cheaper per ml as compared to the 10ml size. 

2. Lavender oil: This oil has a great reputation for wound healing, and is also known to be effective against bacteria and oxidating free radicals. It’s been found to be specifically effective against the bacteria that causes acne, and is found in many natural acne formulas. Because it’s so soothing, it can calm any redness and inflammation.

Unfortunately, since Thursday Plantation Tea Tree Oil has worked very well for me, I have not venture to using other oils. I do use Lavender Oil in my bedroom to induce sleep. My favourite is Now Lavender Oil which you can get on Iherb. Quote OKI787 to get 5% discount if you are a first time customer. Shop here. I enjoyed shopping on Iherb because of the wide ranging and affordable choices and you get free shipping if your order is over US$40. 

3.Jojoba oil: This oil is very similar to our own skin oil (called “sebum”), and therefore can “trick” the body into making less sebum. Less sebum may mean less oily skin, and less acne. Jojoba mixes easily with our skin oils, and can cleanse and purify. It takes several days to weeks of regular use to see the results, so be patient. You can shop here. 

4. Hemp seed oil: Considered a natural acne solution, hemp oil is a natural moisturizer and can help heal acne scars. It has natural essential fatty acids that help heal skin lesions, balance dry skin, and fight skin inflammation—yet it’s non-greasy. You can shop here. 

5. Borage oil: This oil has a natural compound that can have a strong anti-inflammatory action on your skin. Supplementing your diet with borage oil can help reduce overall inflammation. Topical application may also be effective—borage oil is also a natural source of salicylic acid, which is regularly used in anti-acne skin care. Most products use the chemical form, however. Your skin will adapt to the natural form much better. Shop here. 

6. Evening primrose oil: This oil has a great reputation for taming inflammation. It also contains essential fatty acids that help balance and firm skin, making pores less visible. Evening primrose also helps dilute skin sebum so it’s less likely to clog pores.

I used to take Evening Primrose Oil supplement to relieve menstrual cramps but it did not help. I have not tried it for acne purposes. Shop here, this brand is a popular choice on Iherb for EPO.  

7. Chia seeds: These are high in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids, and can help regulate hormones and stabilize insulin. Don’t apply these to your face—instead, incorporate them into your diet to gain the acne-reducing benefits. They’re great in smoothies!

Chia seeds are a staple in my kitchen where I will add it to my overnight oats, smoothie and as chia seed pudding. This is my favourite brand - shop here. 

8. Chamomile: This plant is strong in anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties—the perfect combination for reducing acne. In fact, you may already find this ingredient in some over-the-counter acne products. Unfortunately, they often have other harsh chemical ingredients as well. To enjoy the benefits of chamomile, make a face wash with 1 tablespoon dried chamomile flower heads in one cup boiling water, then apply the solution to the face with cotton balls. You can also chill a chamomile tea bag and press it lightly against pimples, or use cooled chamomile tea to cleanse skin. Shop chamomile supplements here and the chamomile tea here. Yogi is a favourite brand of mine, for tea. 

9. Echinacea: Research shows that Echinacea can help kill acne-causing bacteria and counteract inflammation. Look for Echinacea toners and face masks. Shop for the supplement here. To my understanding, Echinacea is not recommended for long term usage. 

What to Avoid

In addition to using the oils listed above, be sure to avoid the following, as they can make acne worse:

1. Dimethicone: This is a pore-clogging ingredient found in many skin care and cosmetic products today. It can be hard to avoid, but it’s worth it—many people have found that their acne cleared up after they stopped using products containing dimethicone.
2. Clogging oils: These include wheat germ and mineral oils.

Source : Cincovidas

List Of Common UV Filters and Blockers

In recent years, there have been some controversy on chemical UV filters increasing cancer-causing free radicals, thus causing more damage than they prevent. In short, it meant that photo-unstable sunscreens may damage our skin. ie. Oxybenzone
Hence, simply applying sunscreen with ingredients like avobenzone, bemotrizinol, or benzophenone-3 (Oxybenzone) isn’t enough. Stabilizers are often needed to protect against ingredients that degrade easily. ie. in a sunscreen that uses avobenzone as a UV blocker, it may have octocrylene as a stabilizer. This increases the risk of irritation and adds to the low-level toxicity of the product.

Along with UV filters, its recommended to have an antioxidant to reduce the production of free radicals.

A sunscreen filter is photo-stable if it does not degrade in sunlight. In practice, the most photo-unstable filter is avobenzone. Octyl methoxycinnamate is also photo-unstable but it does not degrade quite as quickly. However, the combination of avobenzone and octinoxate degrades faster than either alone. Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) is also photo-unstable.

You can also read more from EWG - The Trouble With Ingredients in Sunscreen.

List of Common UV filters and blockers

Chemical name: zinc oxide
UV spectrum: UVA-1 , UVA-2, UVB
type :physical
stability: stable
irritation : none
Pros: broad range protection, safe, anti-irritant
cons: white residue

Chemical name: titanium dioxide
UV spectrum: UVA-1, UVB
type: physical
stability: unstable
irritation: none
Pros: none
cons: insufficient protection against UVA-2, may generate free radicals,
white residue

Chemical name: phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid 
UV spectrum: UVB
type: chemical
stability: stable
irritation: low
Pros: may stabilize other chemicals, water soluble in salt form
cons: No UVA protection

Chemical name: homosalate
UV spectrum: UVB
type: chemical
stability: unstable
irritation: low
Pros: none
cons: No UVA protection, Poor range of UVB protection

Chemical name: octyl methoxycinnamate (octinoxate)
UV spectrum: UVB
type: chemical
stability: unstable (partially stabilized by bemotrizinol/ Tinosorb M)
irritation: potential high risk
Pros: none
cons: risk of possible estrogenic and other adverse effects

Chemical name: octyl salicylate (octisalate)
UV spectrum: UVB
type: chemical
stability: unstable
irritation: low
Pros: none
cons: Poor range of UVB protection

Chemical name: octocrylene
UV spectrum: UVB, UVA-2
type: chemical
stability: very stable, stabilizes other UV filters
irritation: low
Pros: very stable, stabilizes other UV filters
cons: weak, cannot be used alone

Chemical name: Benzophenone-3 (Oxybenzone)
UV spectrum: UVB, UVA-2
type: chemical
stability: unstable
irritation: high risk
Pros: none
cons: weak, cannot be used alone, promotes generation of free radicals,
systemically absorbed and excreted in urine at a much higher rate than
other sunscreen filters.

Chemical name: Avobenzone ( butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, Parsol 1789, Eusolex 9020, Escalol 51)
UV spectrum: UVA-1, UVA-2
type: chemical
stability: unstable (Octocrylene, increases stability. Zinc oxide and
titanium dioxide reduce stability)
irritation: low
Pros: Full UVA protection
cons: loses effectiveness over time, may produce low-level
toxicity with long-term use

Chemical name: 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor , 4-MBC, 3-(4-Methylbenzylidene)
bornan-2-one , 3-(4-Methylbenzylidene)-dl-camphor
UV spectrum: UVB
type: chemical
stability: unstable
irritation: potential high risk
Pros: Stabilizes Avobenzone
cons:risk of possible estrogenic and other adverse effects, not approved in
the USA

Chemical name: Ecamsule/terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid (Mexoryl SX and XL)
UV spectrum: UVA-1, UVA-2
type: chemical
stability: stable
irritation: low
Pros: Ecamsule is acidic, the alkaline base used for neutralizing may cause
irritation for some people.
cons: Full UVA protection, photo-stable, expensive -patented by L’Oreal

Chemical name: Bisoctrizole/methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (Tinosorb M, S)
UV spectrum: UVA-1, UVA-2, UVB
type: Chemical and Physical
stability: stable
irritation: low
Pros: Full UVA protection, photo-stable,pPartially stabilizes octinoxate
cons: Not approved in the USA

Keep It Clean: The Top 7 Ingredients To Avoid In Beauty Products

1. Lead: Lead is a proven neurotoxin, and its particularly dangerous for pregnant women and children.

2. Triclosan: Triclosan is a suspected endocrine disrupter which could lead to fertility problems, breast cancer and thyroid issues

3. Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde is classified as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
4. Toluene: Toulene can cause dizziness, headaches and skin irritation. It also poses special danger to developing fetuses, upping risk of both miscarriage in moms and birth defects in babies. It might also appear on labels as phenylmethane, methylbenzene, or toluol.

5. Hydroquinone: A carcinogen in and of itself, it can also increase exposure to UV rays

6. Phthalates: Phthalates are endocrine disruptors that have been linked to cancer, sperm damage and reproductive problems.

7. Parabens: Parabens are endocrine disruptors that have been linked to breast cancer and male reproductive problems. Look out for ingredients methylparaben, butylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben

Alternatively, you can also print out the picture to remind you.

Source : Blisstree

Understanding the Ingredients in Skin Care Products

Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs)
Over-the-counter skin care products containing alpha-hydroxy acids (glycolic, lactic, tartaric and citric acids) have become increasingly popular over the last five years. Creams and lotions with alpha-hydroxy acids may help with fine lines, irregular pigmentation and age spots, and may help decrease enlarged pores. Side effects of alpha-hydroxy acids include mild irritation and sun sensitivity. For that reason, sunscreen also should be used every morning. To help avoid skin irritation with alpha-hydroxy acids, it is advisable to start with a product with concentrations of AHA of 10 to 15 percent. Also, make sure you ease into it. You want to get your skin used to alpha-hydroxy acids, so you should only initially apply the skin care product every other day, gradually working up to daily application.

Beta-hydroxy acid (salicylic acid)
Salicylic acid also has been studied for its effect on skin that has aged prematurely due to exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun. It exfoliates skin and can improve the texture and color of the skin. It penetrates oil-laden hair follicle openings and, as a result, also helps with acne. Studies have shown that salicylic acid is less irritating than skin care products containing alpha-hydroxy acids, while providing similar improvement in skin texture and color.

Hydroquinone
Skin care products containing hydroquinone are popularly referred to as bleaching creams or lightening agents. These skin care products are used to lighten hyperpigmentation, such as age spots and dark spots related to pregnancy or hormone therapy (melasma or chloasma). If you are allergic to hydroquinones, you may benefit from use of products containing kojic acid instead.

Kojic Acid
Kojic acid is a more recent remedy for the treatment of pigment problems and age spots. Discovered in 1989, kojic acid has a similar effect as hydroquinone. Kojic acid is derived from a fungus, and studies have shown that it is effective as a lightening agent, inhibiting production of melanin (brown pigment).

Retinol
This is a derivative of vitamin A, and you will see that a lot of skin care products contain retinol. Retinol’s stronger counterpart is tretinoin, which is the active ingredient in Retin-A and Renova. If your skin is too sensitive to use Retin-A, retinol is an excellent alternative. Here’s why skin responds to skin care products with retinol: vitamin A has a molecular structure that’s tiny enough to get into the lower layers of skin, where it finds collagen and elastin. Retinol is proven to improve mottled pigmentation, fine lines and wrinkles, skin texture, skin tone and color, and your skin’s hydration levels. You may also hear about retinyl palmitate. This falls into the same family as retinol, but if the skin care product you choose contains retinyl palmitate, you will need to use more of this product than one that contains retinol to get the same effect.

L-Ascorbic Acid
This is the only form of vitamin C that you should look for in your skin care products. There are many skin care products on the market today that boast vitamin C derivatives as an ingredient (magnesium ascorbyl phosphate or ascorbyl palmitate, for example), but L-ascorbic acid is the only useful form of vitamin C in skin care products. Vitamin C is the only antioxidant that is proven to stimulate the synthesis of collagen as well, which is essential since your body’s natural collagen production decreases as you age. Sun exposure will also accelerate the decrease in collagen. Studies have shown that vitamin C helps to minimize fine lines, scars, and wrinkles.

Hyaluronic Acid
Skin care products containing this substance are often used in conjunction with vitamin C products to assist in effective penetration. Hyaluronic acid is a component of the body’s connective tissues, and is known to cushion and lubricate. As you age, however, the forces of nature destroy hyaluronic acid. Diet and smoking can also affect your body’s level of hyaluronic acid over time. Skin care products with hyaluronic acid are most frequently used to treat wrinkled skin.

Copper Peptide
Copper peptide is often referred to as the most effective skin regeneration product, even though it’s only been on the market since 1997. Studies have shown that copper peptide promotes collagen and elastin production, and also acts as an antioxidant. It also promotes production of glycosaminoglycans (think hyaluronic acid, as an example). Studies have also shown that copper-dependent enzymes increase the benefits of the body’s natural tissue building processes.The substance helps to firm, smooth, and soften skin, doing it in less time than most other anti-aging skin care products. Clinical studies have found that copper peptides also remove damaged collagen and elastin from the skin and scar tissue because they activate the skin’s system responsible for those functions.

Alpha-Lipoic Acid
You may have heard of alpha-lipoic acid as "the miracle in a jar" for its anti-aging effects. It’s a newer, ultra-potent antioxidant that helps fight future skin damage and helps repair past damage. Alpha-lipoic acid has been referred to as a "universal antioxidant" because it’s soluble in both water and oil, which permits its entrance to all parts of the cell. Due to this quality, it is believed that alpha-lipoic acid can provide the greatest protection against damaging free radicals when compared with other antioxidants. Alpha-lipoic acid diminishes fine lines, gives skin a healthy glow, and boosts levels of other antioxidants, such as vitamin C.

DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol)
If you’ve heard of fish referred to as brain food, you can thank DMAE. This substance is naturally produced in the brain, but DMAE is also present in anchovies, salmon and sardines, boosting the production of acetylcholine, which is important for proper mental functions. DMAE in skin care products shows remarkable effects when applied topically to skin, resulting in the reduction of fine lines and wrinkles.

Source : Clevelandclinic

Moisturiser Ingredients

EMOLLIANTS
Emollients in moisturizers give a protective moisture barrier and help heal skin.

Natural | Plant oils are the most nourishing natural emollients. Apricot kernel oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, rosehip seed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, and shea and cocoa butter are some of the best curative and moisturizing emollients.
Synthetic | Synthetic emollients work by forming a barrier on the skin, kind of like plastic wrap, to seal in moisture. However, these emollients don’t allow the skin to breathe and can clog pores and trap toxins, which can cause irritation and actually dehydrate the skin. They can also contain impurities from manufacturing that are anything but healthy. While synthetic emollients are generally derived from petroleum, others are silicone-based or pack synthetic alcohols.

EMULSIFIERS
Emulsifiers hold together substances that don’t naturally co-mingle, such as water and oil. Many moisturizers contain a balance of water-based and oil-based ingredients to maximize absorption of other ingredients.

Natural | Plant waxes are some of the most effective natural emulsifiers. Jojoba oil (which is technically a wax, not an oil), carnauba wax (derived from a tropical palm), and rice bran naturally forge an alliance between water and oil, and also condition skin.
Synthetic | Synthetic emulsifiers are typically a combination of petroleum and hydrocarbon derivatives, which is a formula probably better suited to put in your car than on your skin. Many of them are a customary cause for irritation and allergies and can be contaminated with potentially harmful compounds during manufacturing.

HUMECTANTS
Humectants help the skin hydrate itself. They draw moisture from the deeper layers of the skin to the surface and attract water from the air.

Natural | Glycerin, lecithing, panthenol, and sodium PCA are some of the best natural humectants to hold hydration in the skin where it’s needed most. Vegetable glycerin aids the skin in naturally shedding its outer layers so new, younger cells can emerge for a smoother, healthier surface. Lecithin (from soybeans) helps form natural phospholipids (like the ones that naturally occur in our skin) to hold hydration without synthetically sealing skin shut. Panthenol (pro-vitamin B5) stabilizes the natural skin barrier to prevent moisture loss. Sodium PCA (derived from amino acids and is naturally found in our skin) is a great absorber that helps maximize moisture retention.
Synthetic | Synthetic humectants may prevent moisture loss, but most are occlusive, meaning they form an un-breathable barrier in the process, which can prevent normal skin function. Glycols—Propylene Glycol (PG), Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs), Butylene Glycol (BG), and Thylene Glycol (TG)—are common synthetic humectants made from petroleum derivatives, which are called into question for good reason. PG is not only a common skin irritant, but can cause allergic reactions and slowly depress the central nervous system. Plus, it’s a common ingredient in antifreeze, brake fluid, and even embalming fluid.

PRESERVATIVES
Preservatives are critical in protecting products from spoiling and keeping bacteria at bay.

Natural | Truly natural preservatives are only moderately affective. Essential oils such as lavender, rosemary, and thyme curb microbial growth, but aren’t typically enough to effectively preserve a moisturizer for an extended length of time. Vitamin E and C and extracts like grapefruit seed extract (GSE) can bolster the battle against bacteria, however, additional preservatives are typically used to ensure a safe extended shelf life. Potassium Sorbate and Sodium Benzoate are both very effective non-toxic preservatives that are “naturally derived,” though made in a lab.
Synthetic | Synthetic chemical preservatives may be highly effective in defending products from bacteria and microbes, but their toxicity may be cause for serious concern. Parabens (Methyl, Propyl, Butyl and Ethyl Paraben) are hands-down the most commonly used preservatives. They’re cheap and effective, but also linked to allergies, irritation, hormone disruption, developmental toxicity, and even breast cancer. Imidazolidinyl Urea and Diazolidinyl Urea are the second most commonly used preservatives after parabens. They often cause irritation and allergies, but the deeper concern is that they release formaldehyde, a known toxic chemical. Dimethylol Dimethyl (DMDM) Hydantoin and Quaternium-15 are also preservatives that release formaldehyde, so keep a bright eye out for those when reading ingredients lists.

FRAGRANCES


Natural | Natural fragrances from essential oils and plant extracts elicit sensuous aroma without potential dangers. Period.
Synthetic | Synthetic fragrances (often listed simply as “fragrance”) are often loaded with a slew of undisclosed ingredients, including phthalates, which are used to “fix” a fragrance so it lasts longer. Phthalates are linked to alarming side effects ranging from hormone disruption and neurodevelopment disorders to organ toxicity and even cancer. Look for moisturizers that define “fragrance” specifically in the ingredients list.

COLORANTS
Colorants may make a moisturizer look pretty, but they won’t enhance its performance.

Natural | Natural colorants such as beta-carotene (vitamin A) and mineral pigments are safe ingredients to enhance the color of products.
Synthetic | FDA-certified colors generally have names such as “FD&C Yellow No. 5” and “Yellow 5.” They are generally derived from coal tar and petroleum. These kinds of fake colors can cause a host of adverse skin reactions and are worth avoiding altogether.

Source : WH

Caring for your Skincare Products

Stumbled upon this article on MVOrganics.

Oil-based Products
While essential oils do show some ability to preserve oils, rosemary oleoresin and Vitamin E are your best bets for protecting against oxidation and extending shelf life. Look for one or the other, and preferably both, in your oil-based products.
If you have an oil-based product you have not opened because you intend to use it later put it in the refrigerator. Keep products that you are currently using in a cool, dark place.
Look for products packaged in dark glass, with dispenser tops that limit exposure of the products to air.

Water-based products


Perhaps no other issue is more controversial than natural preservation of water-based products. Many preservative suppliers point out that the obstacles to so-called natural preservation are almost insurmountable. "A single natural preservative just isn't practical," insists Mary.Chervenak of Dow Biocides. "Although some organic oils and other natural products have antimicrobial activity, their biocidal capabilities are limited and they usually cannot withstand the continuous reinoculation that most personal care products must endure.

Most personal care formulations use preservatives in combination to combat the introduction and reintroduction of bacteria." While we all agree that rampant bacterial growth is undesirable, most of us are reluctant, and for good reason, to use products with parbens in them. Fortunately some alternative safe preservatives do exist, although the choices are still limited.


The bactericidal and mold inhibitor good guys


Cosmocil CQ is paraben-free bactericide that has so far been given a clean bill of health. Geogard, composed of gluconolactone and sodium benzoate, is accepted as a preservative for use in organic products. Leucidal, derived from a lactic acid bacteria, is new and potentially of great utility, however both Geogard and Leucidal may be skin irritating (see sodium benzoate below). Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate, derived from glycine, is a broad-spectrum preservative effective against bacteria, yeast and mold.
Mold inhibitors such as sorbic acid and potassium sorbate are very safe, but they have no effect against bacteria. Sodium benzoate is also considered safe, but may irritate skin when applied topically over extended periods of time. Never confuse it with alkyl hydroxyl benzoate, which is the chemical name for parabens.


Controversial preservatives

Phenoxyethanol is often described as a safe, paraben-free alternative. While it is an improvement over propylparaben the jury is still out, with the Green Beauty Guide citing some evidence before giving it a definite “no” vote. While phenoxyethanol does not release formaldehyde it is known to work best when used with with diazoldinyl urea, which does. I would be a tad suspicious of phenoxyethanol listed alone.

Grapefruit seed extract—GFSE has long been touted as a natural preservative. The truth is that it is neither natural nor a preservative. Extensive chemical processes break down the grapefruit seed into synthetic quaternary ammonium compounds, and a study from the Institute of Pharmacy Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, shows that when GFSE is effective it is due to either the added synthetic preservative agents or the synthetics contained within. In its natural form it shows no anti-microbial activity. Citrus seed extracts are not approved for use in Europe and Japan.
 
Source : MVOrganics

Ingredients to stop the clock

When it comes to anti-aging, we're literally inundated with creams and serums that promise to fill lines, even spots and even bring you back the smooth skin you had when you were younger. Lofty claims aside, how do you know what really works? While certain products make certain promises, there are a few ingredients that are scientifically proven to work -- and we've enlisted the best of the best in the skincare field to help break it down. Herewith, our guidelines for the top seven anti-aging ingredients:


1. RETINOIDS: A derivative of vitamin-A. Retinoids are hands-down the most important (and effective) ingredient on the market. "That’s always my first choice when people ask me," says Dr. Heather Woolery-Lloyd, founder of Specific Beauty. "We’re talking about years and years of clinical research that has been proven to improve fine lines and wrinkles." Retinoids work by rapidly turning over the cells, which then generates healthier, younger-looking skin -- once the dead skin cells are removed. You should know that it comes in different forms (and strengths): Retinol (which is great for beginners) can be found in various over-the-counter products, while its stronger counterparts retin-A, Tazorac and Differin and require precsriptions.

2. GREEN TEA: A botanical antioxidant. The nutrients in green tea neutralize free radicals that damage cells and tissue, which in turn slows down the aging process. While you can reap the benefits by drinking green tea, Woolery-Lloyd advises applying it topically: "It's more concentrated and will work better as an antioxidant."

3. VITAMIN-C: A naturally-occurring antioxidant that helps fight free radicals. "One of the things that can cause wrinkles, among skin cancer and other things, is damage towards DNA,"notes Woolery-Lloyd. "80 percent of the damage that can occur in the DNA of the skin comes from some environmental sources like the sun or smoking or living in a highly-polluted environment. Antioxidants block the free radicals in our skin that can increase skin damage, photo aging, wrinkles and fine lines." Vitamin-C works to prevent that.

4. RESVERATROL: A powerful antioxidant derived from grape skin, and found in red wine. By promoting cell turnover and increasing collagen and elastin production, it effectively firms skin's texture. Resveratrol is also effective at repairing damage.

5. HYALURONIC ACID: A sugar that binds a thousand times its weight in water. This is essentially your best line of defense against dryness. "If you have loss of volume and want to fill in those surface irregularities, this is a great moisturizer for highly wrinkled skin," says Dr. Cheryl Karcher, consulting dermatologist for Avon Skincare. While hyalauronic acid-based products can applied topically, Dr. Karcher notes that it is far more effective when injected (Restylane, Juvederm) into the dermis.

6. GLYCOLIC ACID: An alpha-hydroxy acid (or AHA) that's derived from food, like fruit. "They basically exfoliate the top layer of the skin by breaking the glue that holds the top layer of skin together, so that when you exfoliate you have smoother, luminous skin underneath," says Woolery-Lloyd. "They essentially buff the skin, and help with pigmentation and photoaging issues," Karcher adds.

7. BROAD COVERAGE SUNSCREEN: This type of sunscreen will protect the skin against harmful UVA (aging) and UVB (skin cancer) rays. Karcher notes, "UVA and UVB sunscreens help fight against anti-aging by boosting skin's own antioxidants to fight free radicals."

Source : Stylist

Breakthrough Skincare Ingredients

Wool from New Zealand Sheep
Our skin naturally produces keratin, which are proteins that promote elasticity and at the same time, holds our skin firmly together. Unfortunately, as we age (and as we expose ourselves to sun damage and pollution), our skin doesn’t produce too much of them anymore—hence, wrinkles and sagging skin.

While many products already claim to contain keratin, they most probably source them from the hooves, horns, and feathers of animals and birds. (That’s because keratin can also be found in different body parts, such as nails, skin, and hair.) The breakthrough is keratin sourced from the wool of New Zealand sheep, called Cynergy TK. Why is it special? It’s keratin that is almost identical found in human skin, and promises to be more effective on actual human skin. Cynergy TK is said to stimulate keratin in the skin, and promote its growth.

Broccoli, Brussels Sprout and Cabbage
Your mom was right—vegetables are good for you. Cruciferous veggies, such as cabbage, broccoli and Brussels sprouts contain sulphoraphane, a compound that has been found to be containing anticancer, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties. Some have even put this ingredient in their sunscreens, as it protects the skin from UV rays, thus protecting the wearer from possible skin cancer. Not only that, but a study done in Canada found that sulphoraphane’s detoxifying properties can help protect skin cell regeneration—making it an anti-ageing phytonutrient (ie., nutrients derived from plants). Supposedly, the addition of sulphoraphane in products can help users expect their fine lines to disappear, and deep wrinkles to decrease in depth.

Algae
Healthy, new skin cells mean better, more radiant skin, less fine lines and wrinkles, and an even skin tone. But we’ve learned that as we age, our body slows down in the cell production department.

What if you could actually increase skin cell regeneration up to 55% (over untreated cells)? That’s what alguronic acid claims to do, apparently more than other well-known anti-ageing ingredients such as retinol, coenzyme Q10, and even Vitamins C and E.

What makes alguronic acid stand apart from other anti-aging ingredients is that it’s derived from algae. In fact, alguronic acid was founded by accident while scientists from San Francisco were doing microalgae research. A plus for this ingredient is that algae are known to weather even the harshest environments. So just imagine what kind of protection you’ll have from the elements if your skin care products had this ingredient!

Kelp from the Japanese Sea
Phytessence wakame is yet another ingredient derived from the sea, this time, from kelp found in the Japanese Sea. It helps firm up the skin by inhibiting harmful hyaluronidase activity in the skin. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme present in the body that breaks down hyaluronic acid, also known as the “glue” of elastin and collagen fibres. Without hyalunoric acid, elastin and collagen fibres weaken, and you’re left with—you guessed it—fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin.

The Japanese were definitely on to something when they started putting phytessence wakame in their products. In fact, some Japanese women have been using it for centuries! It seems that it’s only now that the humble kelp is being praised in the global spotlight. And it’s no wonder why—further research has found that not only is phytessence wakame rich in minerals and B-vitamins (which help soothe skin irritation), but it also contains sulphated pilyfucose, which can protect your skin from pollution and harmful UV rays from the sun.

Source : Yahoo

Dirty 30 Ingredients

The Dirty Thirty is a list of 30 ingredients which are said to cause cancer. Check out the full article here

C H E M I C A L : A L U M I N U M Z I R C O N I U M a n d OTH E R ALUMI N UM COMPOU N DS
Function: Used to control sweat and odor in the underarms by slowing down the production of sweat.
Present in: Antiperspirants. Banned by EU.
Health concerns: Linked to the development of Alzheimer’s Disease; may be linked to breast cancer; probable neurotoxin; respiratory, and developmental toxin.

CH EMICAL : B E NZYL ACETATE
Function: Solvent; hidden within “fragrance.”
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Health concerns: Linked to pancreatic cancer; easily absorbs into skin causing quick systemic effects; animal studies show hyperemia of the lungs; possible gastrointestinal, liver, and respiratory toxicant; possible neurotoxin.

C H E M I C A L : B E N Z A L K O N I U M C H L O R I D E a n d B E NZ ETHON I UM CH LOR I DE
Function: Antimicrobial agent, deodorant, preservative, biocide.
Present in: Moisturizer, sunscreen, facial cleanser, acne treatment, pain relief. Restricted in Japan and Canada.
Health concerns: Immune system toxicant; may trigger asthma; possible organ system toxicant; animal studies show endocrine disruption and brain, nervous system, respiratory and blood effects; possible carcinogen.

CH EMICAL : B RONOPOL
Function: Preservative.
Present in: Moisturizer, body wash, facial cleanser, makeup remover, anti-aging products. Restricted in Canada.
Health concerns: Immune system toxicant; lung and skin toxicant; animal studies show endocrine disruption and gastrointestinal, brain and nervous system effects; irritant.

CH EMICAL : B UT YL ACETATE
Function: Solvent in polishes and treatments, prevents chipping.
Present in: Nail polish and nail treatments.
Health concerns: Repeated exposure causes skin dryness and cracking; vapors may induce drowsiness or dizziness; flammable.

CHEMICAL : BUT YLATE D HYDROXY TOLUE N E (BHT) / BUTYLATED HYDROXYANI SOLE (BHA)
Function: Anti-Oxidant; slows down the rate at which product ingredients change in color.
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Banned by EU.
Health Concerns: Immune system toxicant; endocrine disruptor; probable human carcinogen; animal studies show brain, liver, neurotoxin, reproductive and respiratory toxicant.

CH EMICAL : ETHOXYLATE D INGREDIENTS: CETEARETH/PEG COMPOUNDS
Function: Surfactant, emulsifying or cleansing agent, penetration enhancer.
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Health concerns: Animal studies show brain, nervous system and sense organ effects; irritant; reproductive and skin toxin, alters skin structure, allowing other chemicals to penetrate deep into the skin and increasing the amounts of other chemicals that reach the bloodstream; may contain harmful impurities.

CH EMICAL : COAL TAR
Function: Controls itching and eczema, softens and promotes the dissolution of hard, scaly, rough skin, also used in hair dyes.
Present in: Shampoo and Hair Dye. Banned by Canada and EU.
Health concerns: Known human carcinogen; skin and respiratory toxicant.

CH EMICAL : COCAMI DE DEA/ LAU RAMI DE DEA
Function: used as foaming agents in shampoos and bath products, and as emulsifying agents in cosmetics; foaming and cleansing agents for “mouth feel.”
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Health concerns: Human immune system toxicant; forms carcinogenic nitrosamine compounds if mixed with nitrosating agents; animal studies show sense organ effects and skin irritation; may contain harmful impurities.

CH EMICAL : DI ETHANOLAMI N E (DEA)
Function: pH adjuster.
Present in: Sunscreen, moisturizer, foundation, hair color.
Health concerns: Skin and immune system toxicant; possible carcinogen; irritant; animal studies show endocrine disruption and neuro developmental, brain and nervous system effects; may trigger asthma.

CH EMICAL : ETHYL ACETATE
Function: Solvent.
Present in: Nail polish products, mascara, tooth whitening, perfume.
Health concerns: Probable neurotoxin; possible nervous system toxin; possible carcinogen; irritant; highly flammable

CH EMICAL : FORMALDE HYDE
Function: Disinfectant, germicide, fungicide, preservative.
Present in: Deodorant, nail polish, soap, shampoo, shaving cream.
Restricted in Canada. Banned by EU.
Health concerns: Immune system, respiratory, hematological, and skin toxicant; probable carcinogen and cardiovascular toxicant; can damage DNA; may trigger asthma; animal studies show sense organ, brain, and nervous system effects; possible human development toxicant.

CH EMICAL : FORMALDE HYDE-R E LEAS I NG P R E S E RVAT IVE S ( QUATE R N I UM- 1 5 , DMDM HYDANTOI N, DIAZOLI DI NYL U R EA AN D IMI DAZOLI DI NYL U R EA)
Function: Anti-microbial preservative.
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Health concerns: Same as Formaldehyde. May contain harmful immpurities.

CH EMICAL : F RAGRANCE (PAR FUM)
Function: Deodorant, masking, perfuming
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Health concerns: Immune system toxicant; possible neurotoxin; can contain between 10 and 300 different chemicals, many of which have never been tested for safety; see phthalates. Labeling can be confusing. If uncertain, check with manufacturer.

CH EMICAL : HYDROQU I NON E
Function: Antioxidant, fragrance ingredient, skin bleaching agent, hair colorant.
Present in: Skin fading/lightener, facial moisturizer, anti-aging, sunscreen, hair color, facial cleanser and moisturizer. Restricted in Canada.
Health concerns: Immune system and respiratory toxicant; probable neurotoxin; possible carcinogen; irritant; animal studies show endocrine disruption.

CH EMICAL : IODOP ROPYNYL B UT YLCAR BAMATE
Function: Preservative.
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Restricted in Japan.
Health concerns: Human toxicant; possible liver immune system toxin; allergenic.

C H E M I C A L : L E A D a n d L E A D C O M P O U N D S
Function: Colorant.
Present in: Hair dye, hair products. Traces found in some red lipstick.
Restricted in Canada.
Health concerns: Probable carcinogen; developmental, respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive toxicant; reduced fertility; animal studies show metabolic, brain and nervous system effects; suspected nano-scale
ingredients with potential to absorb into the skin

CH EMICAL : METHYLI SOTH IAZOLI NON E ( M I / M C I ) a n d METHYCH LOROI SOTH IAZOLI NON E
Function: Preservative.
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Restricted in Canada and Japan.
Health concerns: Immune system toxicant; animal studies show restricted growth of the axons and dendrites of immature nerves, neurotoxicity and positive mutation results; can lead to a malfunction in the way neurons
communicate with each other; especially detrimental to a developing nervous system.

CH EMICAL : OXYB E NZON E (B E NZOP E NON E- 3 )
Function: Sunscreen Agent; Ultraviolet Light Absorber; UV Absorber; UV
Filter.
Present in: Sunscreens.
Health concerns: Associated with photoallergic reactions and immunotoxicity. Probable carcinogen and endocrine disruptor; Enhanced skin absorption and bioaccumulates to dangerous levels; biochemical cellular
changes. Developmental and reproductive toxicity.

CH EMICAL : PARAB E N S (METHYL , ETHYL ,P ROPYL AN D B UT YL )
Function: Preservative and anti-bacterial agent.
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Health concerns: May alter hormone levels, possibly increasing risk formcertain types of cancer, impaired fertility, or alteration of the development of a fetus or young child; studies have found parabens in breast tumors; probable skin toxicant; animal studies show brain and nervous system effects.

CH EMICAL : P ETROLATUM
Function: Forms barrier on skin; makes lipsticks shine and creams smoother; inexpensive skin softener.
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Banned by EU.
Health concerns: May be contaminated with impurities, linked to cancer or other significant health problems.

CH EMICAL : PHTHALATE S (DI B UT YL PHTHALATE S)
Function: Fragrance ingredient, plasticizer, solvent.
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Banned in EU.
Health concerns: Immune system toxicant; developmental and reproductive toxin; respiratory toxicant; probable neurotoxin; possible carcinogen and endocrine disruptor; bio-accumulative in wildlife.

CH EMICAL : P-PH E NYLE N E DIAMI N E (P PD)
Function: Hair colorant.
Present in: Hair dye, shampoo, hair spray. Restricted in Canada.
Health concerns: Immune system and respiratory toxicant; probable neurotoxin; eczema; possible nervous system, skin, kidney and liver toxicant; irritant; may trigger asthma and gastritis; shown to cause cancer in animal studies.

CH EMICAL : P ROPYLE N E GLYCOL
Function: Solvent, penetration enhancer, conditions skin, controls viscosity and keeps products from melting in high or freezing when it is cold.
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Health concerns: Alters skin structure, allowing other chemicals to penetrate deep into the skin and increasing the amounts of other chemicals that reach the bloodstream; animal studies show reproductive effects, positive
mutation results, brain and nervous system effects and endocrine disruption.

CH EMICAL : SODI UM LAU R ETH S U LFATE / SODI UM LAU RYL S U LFATE
Function: Cleansing and foaming agent - Surfactant, emulsifying agent, penetration enhancer.
Present in: Many cosmetics and personal care products, read labels.
Health concerns: Alters skin structure, allowing other chemicals to penetrate deep into the skin, increasing the amounts of other chemicals that reach the bloodstream; Irritant; Hormone disruptor. May cause hair follicle,skin and eye damage.

CH EMICAL : TALC
Function: Absorbs moisture, anti-caking agent, bulking agent.
Present in: Blush, powder, eye shadow, baby powder, deodorant.
Health concerns: Carcinogen; link between talcum powder and ovarian cancer; talc particles are similar to asbestos particles and data suggests that it can cause tumors in the lungs; probable respiratory toxin.

CH EMICAL : TOLU E N E
Function: Antioxidant, solvent to improve adhesion and gloss.
Present in: Nail polish and hair dye.
Health concerns: Liver toxin; probable developmental, nervous system and respiratory toxin; possible cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, renal and sense organ toxin; possible carcinogen and reproductive toxin; irritant; highly flammable.

CH EMICAL : TR ICLOSAN
Function: Anti-bacterial agent, deodorant, preservative, biocide. Reduces and controls bacterial contamination on the hands and on treated products.
Present in: Antibacterial soaps, deodorants, toothpastes, mouthwashes, face wash and cleaning supplies. Restricted in Japan and Canada.
Health concerns: Probable endocrine disrupter and carcinogen; easily bio-accumulates to dangerous levels; irritant; animal studies show reproductive and other broad systematic effects; potentially contaminated with impurities linked to cancer and other significant health problems.

CH EMICAL : TR I ETHANALOMI N E ( TEA)
Function: Fragrance ingredient, pH adjuster, surfactant.
Present in: Hand & body lotion, shaving creams, soap, shampoo, bath powders and moisturizer.
Health concerns: Immune system toxicant; possible carcinogen; animal studies show endocrine disruption; may trigger asthma; forms carcinogenic nitrosamine compounds if mixed with nitrosating agents.

CH EMICAL : 1 . 4 DIOX AN E
Function: Penetration enhancer
Present in: body lotion, moisturizers, sunless tanning products, baby soap, anti aging products.
Health concerns: EPA classifies it as a probable human carcinogen found in 46 of 100 personal care products marketed as organic or natural, and the National Toxicology Program considers it a known animal carcinogen Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure to high levels of 1,4-dioxane has caused vertigo, drowsiness, headache, anorexia and irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs in humans. It may also irritate the skin.
 
Source : File

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Ingredients which may exacerbate acne

A regular reader of this blog, named Tiffany have kindly shared this article about ingredients which can cause or exacerbate acne. Check out the full article here

COM = Comedogenicity

IRR = Irritancy
Scores are rated as 0 = Lowest, 5 = WORST
If you have acne, DO NOT use ingredients with a score of 3, 4 or 5

Acne Ingredients to Avoid

An article which I stumbled upon, written by a dermatologist.

If you’re like most people who suffer from acne, you probably look for the term “non-comedogenic” when shopping for skincare products. But in many cases, this isn’t enough, as there are many other acne-causing ingredients lurking in your skincare products that can lead to breakouts.

Below is a list of ingredients to avoid:
Butyl stearate
Cetearyl alcohol + Ceteareth 20
Cetyl acentate
Cocoa butter
Coconut butter
Cottonseed oil
D&C Red #17, #21, #3, #30, #36
Decyl oleate
Dioctyl succinate
Disodium monooleamido PEG 2-sulfosuccinate
Ethylhexyl palmitate
Glyceryl stearate SE
Glyceryl-3-diisostearate
Hexadecyl alcohol
Hydrogenated vegetable oil
Isocetyl alcohol, stearate, oleate, isostearate, linolate, palmitate, isostearate, neopentanoate
Laureth 23 and laureth 4
Lauric acid
Octyl palmitate and stearate
Oleth-3
Oleyl alcohol
PEG 200 dilaurate
PEG 8 stearate
PG monostearate
Polyglyceryl-3-diisostearate
Solulan 16
Sorbitan oleate
Steareth 10
Stearic acid tea
Stearyl heptanoate

Source : Skintypesolutions